There is an inevitable relation between philosophical Hermeneutics and Literary theory, especially Reader-Response theories. It springs from phenomenological approach in philosophical Hermeneutics and phenomenological predecessor of these theories. Indeed, in this point of view, philosophical Hermeneutics is an Existential philosophy on the interpretation of the text.Philosophical aspect of philosophical Hermeneutics is based on the Existentiality of it. Furthermore the Existence that Gadamer and Ricouer consider is an interpreted Existence; as a result, the interpretation of text, is in the center of hermeneutical views of Gadamer and Ricouer.The difference between their sights is a subsidiary difference pertaining to the main difference which is their ways towards Existence. The most important difference is related to Ricouer's epistemological model and Gadamer’s ontological view in the process of interpretation. The main difference is in fact the base of the other subsidiary differences: temporality; linguistic; dialectical and objectivity.In this article I'm going to discuss the relation between philosophical Hermeneutics and literary theory and then describe the views of Gadamer and Ricoeur on text I will compare the interpretation models in Gadamer’s and Ricoeur’s point of views on text in accordance with the four differences mentioned. Finally I will draw a total conclusion form all the discussed matters.

Modern (theoretical) physics seems to be in deep crisis today as many of its core aspects are not empirically well-confirmed. Heated exchanges among physicists on the scientific status of physical theories with little or, at best, a tenuous connection to possible experimental tests is highly visible in the popular scientific literature. Some physicists (e.g., Carroll 2014, 2019; Ijjas et al., 2017) argue that science must discard empirical testability as one of its defining properties and the highly explanatory theories of present-day physics should be exempted from experimental testing, while others (e.g., Ellis & Silk 2014) spot in these arguments (for softening the testability or falsifiability requirement for Modern physics) a dangerous tendency to undermine science. The philosopher of science who naturally draws most attention in these current debates is Karl Popper (1902-1994). His views, however, are often misrepresented in these debates. The prime objective of this paper is to explain how a more enlightened perspective on the ongoing debates can be obtained by a careful scrutiny of the Popperian criterion of falsifiability. As a first step in achieving this objective we will analyze the two major (conceptual) failures on which the current controversies rest. Our next step will be examining the controversial string theory to see whether the criteria of falsifiability is a ‘blunt instrument’ for determining its scientific status.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The science of Hermeneutics examines the flow of understanding and its methods. What is the text, what is the meaning, what signs are there to reach this meaning and what is the role of the audience in front of the text. The origin of this science goes back to the interpretation of holy texts. Trying to understand the true meaning that only the possessors of knowledge can understand. METHODOLOGY: The method of data collection was library and descriptive-analytical method was used for data analysis. FINDINGS: The topic under discussion in the science of Hermeneutics is texts, and how the audience understands the text and their unanswered questions is a topic that is followed in this science. Traditional Hermeneutics believe that the text has a definite meaning that must be discovered. In contrast to Modern Hermeneutics, they have declared the death of the author, in the sense that the text is re-created with each reading. Hermeneutic discussions have also been extended to literary texts due to the similarities between literary texts and holy texts, and one of the books that has a lot of potential for analysis from the hermeneutic angle is Masnawi Ma"ani. CONCLUSION: The results of the research show that Rumi has used donkey, snake, wolf, dog, lion, cow, mouse, etc. in order of frequency as a symbol to introduce the self.

Hermeneutics went beyond the interpretation of religious texts and stepped into the field of various sciences such as history, art, economics, political science and psychology, followed by education by developing specialized disciplines in the academic centers of the world. The main purpose of the present research is to compare the creativity literature and Modern Hermeneutics by emphasizing Martin Heidegger’, s viewpoints. The method of the research is analytical. Proximity to the abovementioned issue, questioning and thinking, criticism and the quality of comprehension in the learner indicate the relationship between Modern Hermeneutics and creative learning. Raising interest in education in the learner, preparing educational programs, creating scientific interests in the learner and making mutual understanding between the instructor and the learner are some of the goals that can be designed on the basis of Hermeneutics for creative learning. In Modern Hermeneutics, creative learning is given importance and the process is such that a subject must first be agreed upon and critiqued in order to create a quality of understanding in the learner.

For some time Hermeneutics has been posed as a competitor for positivism in the field of cognitive and human sciences and has almost prevailed. The field of literature and interpretation of literary texts is one of the fields this branch has influenced. The aim of this article is to examine this subject, coin the term "Literary Hermeneutics" and explain how to apply it for interpreting literary texts, especially novels. To do that, we first define Hermeneutics and then literary Hermeneutics and its different circles and in the conclusion mention the obligations resulting from selecting each of these circles for interpretation.

This paper studies three contemporary Iranian thinkers’ hermeneutic approaches to the Qur’ an and their orientations to Modern hermeneutic trends. Allameh Tabataba’ i argues that the Qur’ an contains several meanings each of which determined by God’ s intention. Accordingly, Allameh is close to romantic Hermeneutics. Soroush argues that the meaning of the Qur’ an, like any other text, is independent from the author’ s intention, therefore he is consistent with philosophical Hermeneutics. Finally, Mojtahed Shabestari, in some of his writings, argues for the original meaning of the Qur’ an. Nevertheless, he accepts the possibility of different valid interpretations and borrows some aspects of romantic Hermeneutics and some of philosophical Hermeneutics.

According to classical opinion about understanding and interpreting a text, meaning of the text is independent of reading and exists prior to any interpretation of the readers; it depends only to the author's intention. Neopragmatism is a post-Modern school which possesses an audience-oriented and subjective Hermeneutics and which in its analysis of the process of interpreting text, gives the main role to the interpreter and sees very little portion for the text. In this paper, explaining the theoretical and philosophical fundamentals of neopragmatism's approach to Hermeneutics (presented in Richard Rorty's and Stanley Fish's works), we will analyse and criticize this theory and show its weakness and shortcoming.

The new developments in the field of Hermeneutics and exegetic theory has, in certain areas, presented challenges to theology as a text-based field of knowledge with deep connections with the exegesis of holy scriptures. The present article intends to examine the effect of contemporary Hermeneutics in both aspects of ‘exegesis as a theory of reading’ and ‘exegesis theory as philosophical Hermeneutics and meta-exegesis’ on the field of traditional theology and to put emphasis on this point that each theological approach necessarily relies on a specific exegetic theory and to study the interaction between Hermeneutics and theology in the following three domains:a. The critical challenge which contemporary Hermeneutics presents to theology as a whole.b. The study of the new theological problems posed by contemporary Hermeneutics.c. Re-examination of the effect of theological beliefs in Hermeneutics.

Hermeneutics is one of the most important methods in modem literary criticism. This modem method has two different periods: I. Traditional hermeneutic which considers the principle of the definite and absolute meaning of discourse. II. New Hermeneutics, which considers meaning as the reader, perceives. Although one may survey Hafez poetical works from different literary perspectives, such as the formalistic approach or the mythological attitude, one of the best methods in surveying and analyzing his poems is still the hermeneutic one.

Peace is one of the major concepts in political philosophy. Various schools in political philosophy and different political philosophers have presented different views about the ways that can help achieving peace among nations. In recent years, the idea of the "clash of civilization" has intensified efforts regarding the issue of peace. In this paper, it has been claimed that "dialogue among civilization" can be a very fruitful way towards peace. Relying upon the "Hermeneutics of Difference", cultural interaction through civilizational dialogue has been formulated as an alternative way for achieving peace.